EVA NUR MAZIDAH
120710209
TEACHING ASSISTANTSHIP
MIDTERM TEST
HOW TO TEACH ENGLISH SPEAKING
Speaking is one of the most prior skills that need to be had by language learners. In this case speaking activities are perhaps what students and teachers demand the most in terms of the affective involved. Some students may have anxiety in front of the class when they are asked to do presentation, etc. They are afraid of being incomprehensible, losing face, or even shy. Therefore, teachers have a major responsibility to create a good classroom environment where students can be prepared to take risk and experiment with language so that students can produce good pronunciation, vocabulary and structure accurately and more freely in practicing purposeful communication.
Classroom management becomes a key in the complex structure of some communication activities. There is a jigsaw task which combines reading, note-taking, reporting in group and discussing. What a teacher needs to do during those phases are careful directing, organizing, and monitoring. The principle key in jigsaw is started from simple pairwork activities to more ambitious activity. Pairwork might involve giving an explanation of what is needed with a teacher demonstration, the teacher asking the class to recap--two students to try it out, monitoring as the pairwork starts so that the teacher know whether or not each pair is on task and understands what to do. Though it is like ‘simple’ pairwork but it has so many factors determining its success. Age, gender and personality are the influences in making pairwork difficult experience and making oneself understood. These are two possibilities in making pairwork-- either through self-selecting, teacher-selecting or random-selecting—and teacher also needs to know the good and the bad of each selecting—levels of the students’ ability. The implications of pairwork would include in the ideal size of a group for a particular activity—in some information gap or problem solving tasks, the best way of selecting group members, the length of time discussion. Other activities are Role-play which can vary e.g. from simple dialogue taken from specific information on role cards, etc, and simulation which help students in groupwork and class discussion.
Group discussion provides opportunities to develop aspects of interpersonal communication and even fluency. Students can share their interests, opinions, histories, etc. they here are invited to give their opinion, agree or disagree, state preferences, etc. In discussion activities, what teachers do is in decision-making such how mush support to give for content and how this is presented; how much to structure the activity with phases and group roles; whether to establish or set a goal; how to organize feedback; how to encourage participation as much as possible.
Talking with students about spoken English, teachers have a chance of two basic approaches of conversation aspects, direct and indirect. In direct approach, it is applied a system analysis of systemic of speaking competence and takes students through a program of awareness rising and practice. The indirect approach simply involves students in conversation either through role-play and problem-solving tasks and gives them chances to practice in classroom activities.
In speaking, integrating pronunciation is required. Many teachers believe that pronunciation is also difficult work due to awkwardness, inhibition, embarrassment, etc. When teachers deal with new materials and new vocabularies, they should integrate the pronunciation before they move on to recognize and practice. The easiest aspects to integrate are on individual sounds, word stress, sentence stress and various types of linking. It is a fact that some students may not pronounce well therefore correction on pronunciation in this case needs to be done in as positive way as possible.
It was stated that recent years had seen a debate about the value of error correction in the classroom. It is believed that correction by the teacher is of dubious value. Due to this, it is needed comparing between systematic errors—incomplete or faulty knowledge of English and mistakes—inability to perform that knowledge in production e.g. carelessness, tiredness, distractions, etc. Teacher needs to know which errors to correct and impede communication. Global errors cause misunderstanding by the listener and local errors tend to relate only to part of what is said. There are some techniques treating errors e.g. noting down errors or separating words and giving these to them for reflection, recording the activity and asking students to listen and see if they can identify and correct errors, making note ‘key’ errors, noting down examples of errors and using these for a game in the next class.
It is true that correction is considered to be one of the most complex aspects in the classroom management which requires judgment and skill. For learners, this helps a wider process of recognizing and understanding their errors and having chances to try and try again in speaking activity.
There are many ways in boosting s[peaking ability in classroom. One of them is reduced here. Some strategies that are proposed can be insights to experimenting with different activities. Giving challenge to pose students activities and teachers’ management skills would be advantageous in developing speaking skill.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Hedge, Tricia. (2000). Teaching and Learning in the Language Classroom. NY: Oxford University Press.
Senin, 08 Februari 2010
DRAMA I
Lailul Maulidiyah 120710199
Novita Arianti 120710205
Eva Nur Mazidah 120710209
Novaisah 120710223
Rita Puspitaningrum 120710246
Scene III
There is a messenger from Corinth giving information to Oedipus that his father, Polybos, dies because of old age. Oedipus is asked to be the king of Corinth. Oedipus is surprised because his father’s dead is not because of him. The messenger—after being told about the prophecy—believes the prophecy has been wrong. The messenger, then, asks him to go back to his town but Oed rejects it since he is afraid of another prophecy about his sleeping with his mother. The messenger tells Oed not to be afraid of the propechy since Polybos is not his father. Long ago, An old man is led in by Oedipus’ servants and identified as the herdsman, the man who gave the baby to the Corinthian messenger so many years ago: Oedipus insists on him revealing exactly what he knows. The messenger says that Oedipus is that same baby, who was abandoned by his father and mother - and the herdsman reacts with fear and begs the messenger to hold his tongue.
Oedipus threatens the messenger with physical violence, and finally the man confesses that the baby was a child of Laius's house. Oedipus asks if it was a slave's child or Laius's child, and the shepherd confesses that it was Laius's child - a child that Jocasta gave him to expose on the hillside because of a prophecy that he would kill his father. The shepherd says he didn't have the heart to kill the infant, so he took it to another country instead. “They will all come, / all come out clearly!” cries Oedipus. “Light of the sun, let me / look on you no more!” (1183-4). He has finally realized what has happened and all exit except the Chorus. The Chorus reflects on the mutable nature of human happiness - all happiness, they say, is only “a seeming” and “after that turning away” (1191-2). Nobody can ultimately escape fate.
Since Polybos doesnt have children, he feels so happy of having Oed as his son. Asked by Oed, the messenger says that the sepherd is the King Laios’. Oed insists to reveal the truth about who his father is but Yokaste says that knowing his father actually is not a necessity and he’d better stop searching. But Oed doesn’t listen to her and still insists to reveal the truth. Not being listened by Oed, Yakoste leaves the room in grief and sorrow. Both Choragos and Oed wonder why Yakoste is so full of sorrow when leaving the room. Then, Oed asks Choragos to find the shepherd meant by the messenger.
Scene IV
The shepherd is bought into the room. Oed asks the messenger to tell something in order to remind the shepherd about the time when he gives him the little boy. The shepherd remembers and says that it is him who brings the little boy. The messenger tell him that Oed is that baby. The shepherd is shocked. When Oed asks him who his father is, the shepherd doesn’t want to tell him. After being asked and threaten, the shepherd says that it is Polybos’ son, but if he wants to know more about that he needs to ask his wife since it is Yakoste who gives him the boy and aks him to kill him. It is because there is a prophecy saying that the boy will kill his father. Because he pities the boy, the shepherd doesnt kill him and gives him to his friend—the messenger. Finally, Oed finds that the prophecy has been true. He has kills his own father Polybos and marry his own mother Yakoste.
Exodos
There is a messenger from Oed’s palace. He tells Choragos that the Queen is dead. But he doesnt know how and why. Before that he sees Yakoste running towards her room. When he finds her she’s been dead, hanging and swaying. Oed finds his mother, looses the rope, and loweres her to the groung. He cries and sobs. Then he takes brooches from his mother’s gown and plunges them stright to his eyes so many times until the blood spatters his beard. He shouts that he doesnt want to see anymore misery in life. Oed, blinded, comes in. Choragos asks him who causes this all and Oed aswers that it is Appolo. He causes him to kill his father and marry his mother but not the blinding. It’s useless for him to have eyes that can only see horrors. ). Oedipus begs to be cast out of Thebes. Creon replies that he must wait for instructions from Apollo. Oedipus argues that Apollo's instructions were clear: the unclean man must leave Thebes. Oedipus also asks Creon to bury Jocasta properly and to take care of his daughters. But before he goes, he begs to see his daughters once more. These girls, Antigone and Ismene are led in, and Oedipus caresses them with hands that are both father's and brother's. He weeps for the fact that they will never be able to find husbands with this tragic family lineage. With Creon's promise that he will send him away from Thebes to fulfill Apollo's word, Oedipus releases his children and he and Creon enter the palace again. He begs Kreon to be the father of his daughters because he is afraid that his daughters will stay unmarried if people know that their father is Oed. Oed asks Kreon to send him to Kithairon, a wild hill. Before going, Oed says goodbye to his daughtrs and sons.
Novita Arianti 120710205
Eva Nur Mazidah 120710209
Novaisah 120710223
Rita Puspitaningrum 120710246
Scene III
There is a messenger from Corinth giving information to Oedipus that his father, Polybos, dies because of old age. Oedipus is asked to be the king of Corinth. Oedipus is surprised because his father’s dead is not because of him. The messenger—after being told about the prophecy—believes the prophecy has been wrong. The messenger, then, asks him to go back to his town but Oed rejects it since he is afraid of another prophecy about his sleeping with his mother. The messenger tells Oed not to be afraid of the propechy since Polybos is not his father. Long ago, An old man is led in by Oedipus’ servants and identified as the herdsman, the man who gave the baby to the Corinthian messenger so many years ago: Oedipus insists on him revealing exactly what he knows. The messenger says that Oedipus is that same baby, who was abandoned by his father and mother - and the herdsman reacts with fear and begs the messenger to hold his tongue.
Oedipus threatens the messenger with physical violence, and finally the man confesses that the baby was a child of Laius's house. Oedipus asks if it was a slave's child or Laius's child, and the shepherd confesses that it was Laius's child - a child that Jocasta gave him to expose on the hillside because of a prophecy that he would kill his father. The shepherd says he didn't have the heart to kill the infant, so he took it to another country instead. “They will all come, / all come out clearly!” cries Oedipus. “Light of the sun, let me / look on you no more!” (1183-4). He has finally realized what has happened and all exit except the Chorus. The Chorus reflects on the mutable nature of human happiness - all happiness, they say, is only “a seeming” and “after that turning away” (1191-2). Nobody can ultimately escape fate.
Since Polybos doesnt have children, he feels so happy of having Oed as his son. Asked by Oed, the messenger says that the sepherd is the King Laios’. Oed insists to reveal the truth about who his father is but Yokaste says that knowing his father actually is not a necessity and he’d better stop searching. But Oed doesn’t listen to her and still insists to reveal the truth. Not being listened by Oed, Yakoste leaves the room in grief and sorrow. Both Choragos and Oed wonder why Yakoste is so full of sorrow when leaving the room. Then, Oed asks Choragos to find the shepherd meant by the messenger.
Scene IV
The shepherd is bought into the room. Oed asks the messenger to tell something in order to remind the shepherd about the time when he gives him the little boy. The shepherd remembers and says that it is him who brings the little boy. The messenger tell him that Oed is that baby. The shepherd is shocked. When Oed asks him who his father is, the shepherd doesn’t want to tell him. After being asked and threaten, the shepherd says that it is Polybos’ son, but if he wants to know more about that he needs to ask his wife since it is Yakoste who gives him the boy and aks him to kill him. It is because there is a prophecy saying that the boy will kill his father. Because he pities the boy, the shepherd doesnt kill him and gives him to his friend—the messenger. Finally, Oed finds that the prophecy has been true. He has kills his own father Polybos and marry his own mother Yakoste.
Exodos
There is a messenger from Oed’s palace. He tells Choragos that the Queen is dead. But he doesnt know how and why. Before that he sees Yakoste running towards her room. When he finds her she’s been dead, hanging and swaying. Oed finds his mother, looses the rope, and loweres her to the groung. He cries and sobs. Then he takes brooches from his mother’s gown and plunges them stright to his eyes so many times until the blood spatters his beard. He shouts that he doesnt want to see anymore misery in life. Oed, blinded, comes in. Choragos asks him who causes this all and Oed aswers that it is Appolo. He causes him to kill his father and marry his mother but not the blinding. It’s useless for him to have eyes that can only see horrors. ). Oedipus begs to be cast out of Thebes. Creon replies that he must wait for instructions from Apollo. Oedipus argues that Apollo's instructions were clear: the unclean man must leave Thebes. Oedipus also asks Creon to bury Jocasta properly and to take care of his daughters. But before he goes, he begs to see his daughters once more. These girls, Antigone and Ismene are led in, and Oedipus caresses them with hands that are both father's and brother's. He weeps for the fact that they will never be able to find husbands with this tragic family lineage. With Creon's promise that he will send him away from Thebes to fulfill Apollo's word, Oedipus releases his children and he and Creon enter the palace again. He begs Kreon to be the father of his daughters because he is afraid that his daughters will stay unmarried if people know that their father is Oed. Oed asks Kreon to send him to Kithairon, a wild hill. Before going, Oed says goodbye to his daughtrs and sons.
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